HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS AND ASSOCIATED RISK BY SOME PHAEMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AROUND SAMARU-ZARIA NIGERIA BASED ON XRF AND ASS METHODS.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33003/fjorae.2024.0101.10Keywords:
Heavy-metals,, health-hazards,, Samaru-Zaria,, EDXRF, and AASAbstract
In this study, we evaluate the level of heavy metals presence by some pharmaceutical products in Samau-Zaria - Nigeria. Samples were collected and suggested to Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent spectrometry (EDXRF) where eighteen (18) elements were detected and Varian AA240 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) test methods which indicate that the test average of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Fe are 0.02916 mg/kg, 1.283933 mg/kg, 0.00942 mg/kg, 0.422673 mg/kg and 0.31278 mg/kg respectively. Cr had the lowest concentration, whereas Cd had the greatest. Suspension medicines have higher Fe levels than tablets. Cd was ranked higher than Cr, Pb, Ni, and Fe in terms of chronic daily intake (CDI). Lead varied from 1.174 mg/kg to 9.687 mg/kg (average: 4.822 mg/kg), Cd from 7.21 mg/kg to 7.94 mg/kg (average: 7.738 mg/kg), Cr from 1.03 mg/kg to 8.45 mg/kg (average: 4.29 mg/kg), Ni from 1.06 mg/kg to 9.09 mg/kg (average: 3.158 mg/kg), and Fe from 1.07 mg/kg to 8.59 mg/kg (average: 2.352 mg/kg). Pb > Cr > Ni > Fe > Cd was the order of the total hazard quotient (THQ). The following ranges applied to Pb, Cd, Ni, and Fe: Pb increased from 2.029 mg/kg to 9.661 mg/kg (average: 5.104 mg/kg), Cd decreased from 0.001441 mg/kg to 0.001587 mg/kg (average: 0.0015 mg/kg), Cr decreased from 1.174 mg/kg to 8.454 mg/kg (average: 3.699 mg/kg), Ni increased from 1.10577 mg/kg to 6.9187 mg/kg (average: 2.922 mg/kg), and Fe decreased from 1.227 mg/kg to 4.511 mg/kg (2.523 mg/kg). Pb, Cr, and Fe levels did not meet WHO/FAO guidelines it is therefore recommended that precautionary action should be applied.
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